Avaliacao Da Covid-19 Em Pacientes Com Leucemia Mieloide Cronica

Objetivos: Avaliar a incidencia e evolucao clinica da COVID-19 em pacientes com LMC, o comportamento dos pacientes com LMC (isolamento social) durante a pandemia e os fatores de risco (contato e comorbidades) para COVID-19. Avaliar o efeito das vacinas e possiveis reacoes adversas nessa populacao. Material e Metodos: Estudo do tipo registro, observacional, prospectivo. Foram avaliados pacientes com LMC de dois centros. Foram respondidos dois questionarios durante a pandemia, em intervalos de 6 meses, onde foram coletados dados referentes ao quadro de COVID-19, sintomas, isolamento social, contato com individuos infectados, comorbidades, gravidade da COVID-19, tratamento e vacinacao. O historico do tratamento da LMC e outros dados clinicos e laboratoriais foram obtidos dos prontuarios medicos. Resultados: Entre setembro de 2020 e fevereiro de 2022, foram incluidos 243 pacientes no estudo: 47 (19,3%) tiveram diagnostico confirmado de COVID-19 e 11 (4,5%) tiveram quadro clinico suspeito. 211 (86,8%) estavam em uso de inibidores de tirosina quinase, 28 (11,5%) em descontinuacao do tratamento e 4 (0,02%) em uso de hidroxiureia. Houve um pico de casos de COVID-19 em dezembro de 2020, em marco e junho de 2021 e em janeiro de 2022. Dentre os casos confirmados de COVID-19, 42 (89,4%) foram leves, 3 (6,4%) moderados (com hospitalizacao) e 2 (4,3%) grave (com admissao em UTI ou obito). Um obito por COVID-19 foi constatado em uma paciente que faleceu antes de responder ao questionario, totalizando 3 obitos: uma paciente com 67 anos, diabetica, hipertensa e cardiopata;um paciente de 70 anos, hipertenso;e uma paciente de 81 anos, hipertensa e com hipotireoidismo. Todos os obitos ocorreram em pacientes nao vacinados. Ate fevereiro de 2022, 168 pacientes haviam recebido imunizacao para COVID-19 (107 Oxford/AstraZeneca, 51 CoronaVac, 8 Pfizer, 2 Janssen), sendo que 66 tiveram alguma reacao adversa (19 tiveram dor de cabeca, 26 tiveram febre e 55 tiveram algum outro tipo de reacao). Um paciente foi infectado pelo SARS-CoV-2 apos a aplicacao de duas doses da vacina, apresentando sintomas leves. A mediana de idade dos pacientes com COVID-19 foi menor do que a do grupo nao infectado/suspeito (48 anos vs. 58 anos) (p=0,002). A taxa de isolamento social foi menor no grupo infectado (p=0,002) e houve mais casos de COVID-19 em pacientes que tiveram contato com individuos infectados (p<0,001). Nao houve diferenca em relacao ao sexo, comorbidades e tipo de tratamento da LMC entre os infectados e nao infectados. Discussao: Esse estudo avaliou dados da COVID-19 em pacientes com LMC referentes a primeira e segunda onda, sendo que a maioria apresentou manifestacoes leves, com taxa de mortalidade (6,3%) inferior a outras neoplasias hematologicas. Os pacientes com faixa etaria mais jovem foram os mais expostos, sendo a taxa de casos confirmados maior nessa populacao. Menor taxa de isolamento social e contato com individuos infectados favoreceram a contaminacao por COVID-19 nessa populacao, que apresentava menos comorbidades. Conclusoes: A mortalidade da COVID-19 na LMC foi menor do que a observada em outras neoplasias hematologicas. Maior exposicao a individuos contaminados, menor faixa etaria e menor taxa de isolamento social favoreceu a contaminacao. Nao houve reacoes adversas graves as vacinas contra a COVID-19. Todos os obitos ocorreram em pacientes nao vacinados. Copyright © 2022

COVID-19 IN CHRONIC MYELOID LEUKEMIA PATIENTS – BRAZILIAN EXPERIENCE

Aims: To collect data about COVID-19 in CML patients from Brazilian centers and their outcomes. Methods: Observational, multicentric, ongoing register study. Hematologists from private and public CML reference centers from different regions of Brazil were invited to report their cases of COVID-19 in CML patients. Those centers are responsible for the care of approximately 3030 CML patients. Results: Between March 2020 and July 2021, 16 institutions contributed to this analysis, and reported 73 COVID-19 cases in CML patients (pts). Eight-five % were from the South and Southeast regions, 11% from Northeast. The median age was 50 years (22-79), with 33% of the pts older than 60. Male patients were predominant (60%). The median time of CML diagnosis was 9 years (0-29). Most of the pts were in first line therapy (57.5%), 27% in second line and 11% in third line. Current CML treatment at COVID-19 was: imatinib (46,5%), nilotinib (22%), dasatinib (16%), post-transplant (4%), asciminib (1%), ponatinib (1%), treatment-free remission (2%), no treatment (7%). COVID-19 grade: asymptomatic (4%), mild (66%), moderate (12%), severe/critical (16%). CML status at COVID: AP/BC (3%), CP (12,4%), hematologic response (11%), complete cytogenetic response (4%), MMR (34%), MR4.0 (8%), MR4.5 (27%). Eleven patients interrupted treatment temporarily during COVID. COVID-19 was confirmed by RT-PCR of oral and nasal swab collection (68%) or rapid/serologic test (32%). Comorbidities were present in 34 pts, most common were: hypertension (33%), diabetes (14%), chronic renal failure (4%), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease/emphysema (5.5%), pulmonary hypertension (1). Hospitalization occurred in 30% of the cases, 18% in an intensive care unit, 8% with mechanical ventilation. Treatment received for COVID-19: antibiotics (31%), steroids (16%), chloroquine (5.5%), oseltamivir (4%);ivermectin (8%): heparin (3%). Sixty-nine patients recovered, 4 died from COVID-19 (5,4%): one 42 year old newly diagnosed male patient with high leukocytes counts and with a simultaneous bacterial infection, two 70-year old patients treated with imatinib, both in MR4.5, and one 31-year old male patient treated with nilotinib, after imatinib and dasatinib failure, with hematologic response. A fifth patient in the accelerated phase died 2 months after discharge, from disease progression and pulmonary infection. All cases occurred before vaccination. There was one case of re-infection, in a patient treated with imatinib. Discussion: Conclusions: the majority of COVID-19 cases in the CML population was mild, but there were 2 deaths of young patients with active disease and two deaths in elderly patients, one of them with comorbidities. The mortality in CML was lower than observed in other hematologic cancers.

COVID-19 - RESULTADOS DE QUESTIONÁRIOS APLICADOS EM PACIENTES COM LEUCEMIA MIELOIDE CRÔNICA DURANTE A PANDEMIA

Objetivos: Avaliar a incidência e evolução clínica da COVID-19 em pacientes com leucemia mieloide crônica (LMC) acompanhados em dois centros. Materiais e métodos: Estudo prospectivo, observacional, em andamento. Os pacientes responderam a dois questionários com 6 meses de intervalo. Foram incluídas perguntas relacionadas a sintomas, comorbidades, incidência e suspeita de COVID-19, contatos com pessoas infectadas, comportamento durante a pandemia, gravidade da infecção e vacinação. Cada questionário avaliou dados referentes aos últimos 6 meses. Adicionalmente, foram obtidos dados clínicos, laboratoriais e de tratamento dos prontuários médicos.Os dados foram coletados e armazenados no sistema REDCap. Resultados: Entre setembro de 2020 e julho de 2021, 225 pacientes responderam ao primeiro questionário e 121 também responderam ao segundo. Dos analisados, 127 (56,4%) eram homens. A mediana de idade 56,5 anos (19-90). A maioria estava em tratamento com inibidores de tirosina quinase (88.5%) e 11.5% sem tratamento, em protocolo de descontinuação. 80% dos pacientes realizaram distanciamento social e 30% dos avaliados tiveram algum familiar ou contato próximo com COVID-19. Nos 6 meses anteriores à aplicação do primeiro questionário, 49 (21,9%) tiveram sintomas respiratórios, 30 (13,4%) febre, 7 (3,1%) pneumonia e 45 (20,1%) falta de ar ou tosse seca. Comorbidades: 79 (35,6%) hipertensão, 34 (15,3%) diabetes, 15 (6,8%) insuficiência renal, 13 (5,9%) doença pulmonar, 37 (16,7%) cardiopatia e 43 (19,4%) outra doença crônica. No total, 28 (12,4%) pacientes foram diagnosticados com COVID-19, enquanto 10 foram suspeitos. A mediana de idade foi 47 anos, 67,9% eram homens;10 (37,0%) não estavam respeitando o distanciamento social. 36% tinham comorbidades: 12% diabetes, 28% hipertensão, 4% insuficiência renal, 24% cardiopatia e 12% outra doença crônica. 12 tiveram algum familiar ou contato próximo diagnosticado com COVID-19. Vinte e seis (92%) pacientes tiveram forma leve, sem necessidade de internação, um paciente de 71 anos em uso de nilotinibe e em RMM teve quadro grave, com óbito. 27 pacientes estavam na fase crônica e um em fase acelerada. Treze apresentavam resposta molecular maior, um resposta hematológica, 4 resposta citogenética completa, 3 MR4.0 e 7 MR4.5. Tratamento vigente: imatinibe (16), dasatinibe(5), nilotinibe (5) e um sem tratamento. Houve um caso de reinfecção. Até o momento, 84 (37%) dos pacientes receberam vacinas para a COVID-19 (32 CoronaVac, 51 Oxford/AstraZeneca e um da Pfizer). Dentre os pacientes vacinados, 22 apresentaram reações adversas: 8 apresentaram febre, 6 dor de cabeça e 20 outros (dores no corpo, calafrios ou dores no local da injeção). Discussão: Pacientes com neoplasias hematológicas tem quadro mais grave e maior mortalidade associada a COVID-19. Na LMC a mortalidade parece ser levemente superior à da população geral, com pior evolução nas fases mais avançadas e em pacientes com comorbidades. Tivemos um caso de óbito e um de reinfecção, onde não podemos descartar a hipótese de uma variante. Conclusão: A incidência de COVID-19 na população de LMC estudada foi de 12,4%, mais frequente em homens, com menor mediana de idade e menor taxa de isolamento social, com predomínio de casos leves e moderados. Todos os casos descritos ocorreram antes da vacinação.

A Survey Conducted during COVID-19 Pandemic Among Brazilian Chronic Myeloid Leukemia and Philadelphia-Negative Myeloproliferative Neoplasms Patients

Introduction: COVID-19 has severely affected the Brazilian population. By July 2021, the incidence was 19,9 million cases and 556.000 deaths. Recent studies suggest that patients with MPN have higher infection and death rates than the general population. Older age and comorbidities are risk factors for severe COVID-19 in CML and MPN. Objectives This study aimed to evaluate the incidence and clinical evolution of COVID-19 in a cohort of CML and MPN Brazilian patients. Methods This is a prospective, observational, ongoing study. All patients signed informed consent and answered two structured questionnaires within a six months interval. The questionnaire included questions about patient's behavior during pandemic, symptoms, contacts, COVID-19 infection, and vaccination data in the last six months. In addition, demographic data, CML and NMP treatment, comorbidities, laboratory tests, COVID severity, and outcome were collected from the medical records. Results From September 2020 to July 2021, 370 patients answered the first questionnaire, and 153 answered the second: 225 with CML and 145 with MPN (45% essential thrombocythemia, 27.6%, polycythemia vera, 23% myelofibrosis, and 4.8% not classified). In the CML population, the median age was 56 (19-90). Most were receiving tyrosine kinase inhibitors (88,5%) and 26 (11,5%) no treatment, in treatment-free remission (TFR). 80% of the patients were practicing social distancing, and 30% had at least one family member or close contact diagnosed with COVID-19. Comorbidities: hypertension (35%), diabetes (14%), pulmonary disease (6%), cardiac disease (16%), renal disease (7%), other (18%). A total of 28/225 (12.4%) patients had confirmed COVID-19 diagnosis (by serology or PCR), while 10 were suspect. The median age was 47 years, 68% were male, and 41% were not respecting social distancing. Thirty-five percent had comorbidities: 25% hypertension;68% had a history of close contact with an infected person. One patient was in the accelerated phase, and 27 were in the chronic phase;4 had a complete cytogenetic response, 13 major molecular response (MMR), 3 MR4.0, and 7 MR4.5. COVID-19 was mild/moderate in 27 and in severe in one case, resulting in death. This patient was a male, 71-year-old, with hypertension, in MMR with nilotinib. At COVID-19 onset, 16 pts were receiving imatinib, five dasatinib;five nilotinib e 2 were in TFR. There was one reinfection, in a 54 years old male patient, with no comorbidities. To date, 84 (37%) patients (pts) have received vaccines against COVID-19: 32 CORONAVAC (Sinovac/Butantan), 51 ChAdOx1nCov-19-Covishield (Astrazeneca/Oxford), and one BNT162 (Pfizer). All COVID-19 cases occurred before vaccination. Among the 145 MPN pts, the median age was 67 years (29-90), and 86% had comorbidities (52% hypertension, 17.5% diabetes, and 13% cardiac diseases). Social distancing was 83%. Nine out of 145 (6.2%) had confirmed COVID-19 diagnosis, and 3% suspect. The median age of these pts was 43 years (28-80). Seven patients had ET and 2 PV. Seven were female. Four pts received Hydroxyurea (HU) and aspirin, four aspirin, one HU, and one no treatment. There were seven mild and two moderate cases requiring hospitalization, none requiring oxygen or mechanical ventilation, none with thrombosis. Two COVID cases occurred after the first dose of vaccines (CORONAVAC and Covishield). In the whole MPN group, 11% have received two doses (57% CORONAVAC, 40% Covishield, and 3.6% BNT 162). Conclusions COVID-19 cases occurred more frequently in younger patients. COVID-19 incidence was higher in the CML than in the MPN population, probably because MPN patients were less exposed, and the older pts were the first to receive vaccines. The impact of the vaccination on the prevention of new cases will be evaluated during the follow-up. Disclosures: Bortolini: Novartis: Speakers Bureau. Pagnano: Novartis: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau;Astellas: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau;intpharma: Other: Lecture;EMS: Other: Lecture;Jansenn: Other: Lecture.